Sunday, December 22, 2019

Paper - 2223 Words

Davida Franklin R.Griffin Hist 2020-05 Chapter 25 Ch 25 Review Questions Q1. What was the significance of the 1963 March on Washington? 250,000 black and white Americans converged on the nation’s capital for the March on Washington, often considered the high point of the nonviolent civil rights movement. Organized by a coalition of civil rights, labor, and church organizations led by Phillip Randolph, the black unionist who had threatened a similar march, it was the largest public demonstration in the nation’s history at that time. Calls for the passage of a civil rights bill pending before Congress took center stage. The march’s goals also included a public-works program to reduce unemployment, an increase in the minimum wage,†¦show more content†¦If NOW grew out of resurgence of middle class feminism, a different female revolt was brewing with the civil rights and student movements. As in the days of abolitionism, young women who had embraced an ideology of social equality and personal freedom and learned methods of political organizing encountered inequality and sexual exploitation. T he women’s liberation movement inspired major expansions of the idea of freedom by insisting that it should be applied to the most intimate realms of life. Q10. Describe how the social movements of the 1960’s in the United States became part of a global movement for change by 1968. The 1960’s transformed American life in ways unimaginable when the decade began. It produced new rights and new understandings of freedom. It made possible the entrance of numerous members of racial minorities into the mainstream of American life, while leaving unsolved the problem of urban poverty. It set in motion a transformation of the status of women. It changed what American expected from government, from clean air and water to medical coverage in old age. At the same time, it undermined public confidence in national leaders. Davida Franklin R.Griffin Hist 2020-05 Chapter 26 Ch 26 Review Questions Q1. Which of Nixon’s domestic policies did other conservatives oppose, and why? Nixon spent lavishly on social services and environmental initiatives. He abolished the Office of EconomicShow MoreRelated Paper761 Words   |  4 Pages In the 1790s members of the industry in both Paris and London were working on inventions to try to mechanise paper-making. In England John Dickenson produced the cylinder machine that was operational by 1809. Although useful for smaller enterprises, this lacked the large scale potential of the machine resulting from the invention of Nicholas-Louis Robert in Paris, which had a more complicated incubation period. The last of the early improvements to this machine were financed by the Fourdrinier brothersRead MoreReflection Paper836 Words   |  4 Pagesand integrating quotes. Before my papers were full of â€Å"she said† and â€Å"she would say†; which was boring and showed poor ability to lengthen my word choice. I also had a tendency to just throw quotes in and not integrate it into my writings. By the end of my Engl ish 101 class my papers began to present with words like â€Å"the author noted†, or â€Å"she stated† along with many other word choices and proper ways of using quotes. Here is an example from my final research paper: â€Å"Author Stephanie Jackson, a certifiedRead MoreOn Behalf of Paper1685 Words   |  7 PagesFor centuries, people have read and learned on paper. It has loyally served man as the ideal vehicle for conveying our thoughts, feelings, and ideas. In recent years, an opponent has risen: computers. The computer brought the world to our fingertips, to the palm of our hands, but is this competitor superior? Should we drop the written and printed empire that had dominated and quenched our thirst for knowledge for so long? Paper has served an ever-changing world well, constantly adapting and morphingRead MoreReflection Paper1317 Words   |  6 Pagesused to struggle with forming my thoughts into writing, let alone a paper. I was never confident with what I wrote. My writing had no greater purpose other than the assignment. My writing process included: writing my paper, proofreading it, and turning it in. Once the paper left my hands, it also left my mind. Throughout this course we worked with others, visited the writing lab, wrote critiques, and we were able to revise our papers. I believe that all of this is has caused me to grow greatly as aRead More History of Paper1180 Words   |  5 Pages The first historical mention of paper is 104 A.D. in China. The Empress of China at that time loved books and wanted to have a lot of them made. At the time everything was written on silk scrolls which were extremely expensive and time consuming to make. She wanted something cheaper and easier to use and so she asked one of her servants, a gentleman by the name of Tsi Lun to come up with an alternative. He worked for over nine years experimenting with different things and finally came up with hempRead MoreImportance Of Writing Paper870 Words   |  4 Pages Writing papers have not always been my favorite thing to do. The main reason why I detested writing papers, was because I considered my English horrible. English is not my native language and learning it was difficult i n my opinion. Especially, when as a child the only place where you could speak English was at school. Other than that, the only language I was allowed to speak at home was Spanish. Throughout the years I eventually got the hang of it, and at the beginning of fourth grade, I was placedRead MoreCharacteristics And Quality Of A Paper1062 Words   |  5 PagesChoosing the right paper is more complex and it requires more work than just picking any expensive sheet and keeping your fingers crossed. To choose the right paper, you should not choose one based on the highest quality available, or the most expensive one. Instead, you should choose your paper based on the paper size options, durability, finishing, color, the paper weight, price, availability, opacity, and brightness. To choose between the function and quality of a paper is not very easy. It isRead MoreSelf-Reflective Paper 838 Words   |  3 Pagesfixed. Although it was a process, I finally got around to clearly understanding what the objectives were for English 1302 and how to apply them to my papers for this course. The first objective that is given in the syllabus is to meet the requirement of 20 pages total by the end of the course. The objective includes being able to revise and edit papers in a proper fashion. There was a time where revising and editing did not seem important, however, it can make a significant difference in a grade.Read MoreRecycling Waste Paper11594 Words   |  47 PagesPaper recycling  is the process of recovering waste paper and remaking it into new paper products. There are three categories of paper that can be used as feedstocks for making recycled paper: mill broke, pre-consumer waste, and post-consumer waste.[1]  Mill broke  is paper trimmings and other paper scrap from the manufacture of paper, and is recycled internally in a  paper mill.  Pre-consumer waste  is material which left the paper mill but was discarded before it was ready for consumer use.  Post-consumer  wasteRead MoreCarabao Grass Paper17210 Words   |  69 PagesINTRODUCTION History Paper is believed to have originated in China sometime around A.D. 105. Its invention is credited to a Chinese artisan by the name of Tsai-Lun. Tsai Lun created the first type of paper by mixing macerated cellulose fiber with water. His method was simple. He beat rags to a pulp and diluted this with lots of water. He then drained the resultant mixture through a form of a sieve. The fibers matted together and, when it dried, formed what we know now as paper. This papermaking process

Friday, December 13, 2019

Notorious BIG Free Essays

After freeing themselves from Mongol domination by 1480, the Russians pushed eastward. Russia, with its Byzantine-influenced culture, had been unimportant in world affairs before the fifteenth century Russia’s Expansionist Politics under the Tsars. During the fourteenth century, the duchy of Moscow took the lead in liberating Russia from the Mongols. We will write a custom essay sample on Notorious BIG or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ivan Ill gave his government a military focus and used a blend of nationalism and the Orthodox Christian religion Creating a large independent state The Need for Revival Mongols had not reshaped basic Russian culture. However, reduced the vigor of cultural and economic life Literacy declined and the economy became purely agricultural and dependent on peasant labor. Ivan Ill restored the tradition of centralized rule, added a sense of imperial mission, and claimed supervision of all Orthodox Churches Russia, asserted Ivan, had succeeded Byzantium as the Third Rome. Ivan IV continued the policy of expansion He increased the power of the tsar by killing many of the nobility (boyars)†earning the name of Ivan the Terrible Patterns of Expansion. Territorial expansion focused on central Asia. By the sixteenth century, they moved into Western Siberia Peasant adventurers (cossacks) were recruited to occupy the new lands. Loyal nobles and bureaucrats received land grants in the territories The conquests gave Russia increased agricultural regions and labor sources Slavery existed into the eighteenth century Important trading connections opened with Asian neighbors. Russia eliminated independent central Asia as a source of nomadic invasions Russia became a multicultural state. The large Muslim population was not forced to assimilate to Russian culture. Western Contact and Romanov Policy The tsars, mindful of the cultural and economic lag occurring under Mongol rule, also began a policy of carefully managed contacts with the West. Ivan Ill dispatched diplomatic missions to leading Western states under Ivan ‘V, British merchants established trading contacts. Italian artists brought in by the tsars built churches and the Kremlin, creating a distinct style of architecture When Ivan IV died without an heir early in the seventeenth century, the Time of Troubles commenced. The boyars tried to control government, while Sweden and Poland seized territory. In 1613, the oyars chose a member of the Romanov family, Michael, as tsar. The Time of Troubles ended without placing lasting constraints on the tsar’s power. Michael restored internal order, drove out the foreign invaders, and recommenced imperial expansion. Alexis Romanov increased the tsar’s authority by abolishing the because conservative believers resisted changes to their established rituals. The government exiled these â€Å"Old Believers† to Siberia or southern Russia. Russia’s First westernization, 1690-1790 Peter l, the Great, continued past policies but added a new interest in changing the conomy and culture through imitation of Western forms. It was the first Westernization effort in history Peter traveled incognito to the West and gained an interest in science and technology Many Western artisans returned with him to Russia. Tsarist Autocracy of Peter the Great Peter was an autocratic ruler; revolts were brutally suppressed. Reforms were initiated through state decrees. Peter increased the power of the state through recruitment of bureaucrats from outside the aristocracy and by forming a Western-type military force A secret police was created to watch over bureaucracy Foreign policy followed existing patterns. A successful war with Sweden gave Russia a window on the Baltic Sea, allowing it to be a major factor in European diplomatic and military affairs Capital moved to Baltic city of St. Petersburg. What Westernization Meant Peter’s reforms influenced politics, economics, and cultural change. The bureaucracy and military were reorganized on Western principles. The first Russian naw was created The councils of nobles were eliminated and replaced by advisors under his control Law codes were systematized and the tax system reformed to increase burdens on the peasantry metallurgical and mining industries were expanded Cultural reforms aimed at bringing in Western patterns to change old customs. Nobles had to shave their beards and dress in Western style He succeeded in bringing the elite into the Western cultural zone The condition of upper class women improved No attempt was made to form an exporting industrial econom Westernization meant to Peter the encouragement of autocratic rule These changes brought resistance from all classes. Consolidation under Catherine the Great Several decades of weak rule followed Peter’s death in 1724. Significant change resumed during the reign of Catherine (1762-1796). She used the Pugachev peasant rebellion as an excuse to extend central government authority Catherine was also a Westernizer and brought Enlightenment ideas to Russia She gave new power over serfs to the nobles in return for their service in the bureaucracy and military Catherine continued patronage of Western art and architecture, Russian expansionist policies continued. By the time of her death, Russia had completed an important transformation. Over three centuries the tsars created a strong central state ruling over the world’s greatest land empire. New elements from the West had entered and altered Russia’s conomy and culture. Themes in Early Modern Russian History Serfdom and a deep-rooted peasant culture did not mesh with Westernization efforts. The Russian nobility, through state service, maintained a vital position Smaller, incompletely Westernized landowners lived less wealthy lives. Serfdom: The Life of East Europe’s Masses Before the Mongol conquest, Russia’s peasantry had been relatively free. The government from the sixteenth century encouraged serfdom A 1649 act made serfdom hereditary; other seventeenth and eighteenth century laws tied serfs to the land and augmented the legal rights of landlords. Serfs were almost slaves; they were bought, sold, and punished by owners. Peasant conditions were similar in Eastern Europe. Peasants labored on large estates to produce grain for sale to the West. Western merchants in return brought the serfs’ owners manufactured and luxury items. Peasants did have some rights; village governments regulated many aspects of life Most peasants remained poor and illiterate They paid high taxes and performed extensive labor services in agriculture, mining, and manufacturing Trade and Economic Dependence. There were few large cities in Russia; 95% of the population was rural Artisans also ere few, since most manufacturing was rurally based. Small merchant groups existed, but most trade was handled by Westerners. Peter the Great’s reforms increased trade, yet the nobility managed to prevent the emergence of a strong commercial class. Russia’s social and economic system had strengths. It produced adequate revenue for the expanding empire, supported the aristocracy, and allowed significant population growth. Commerce was carried on with independent central Asian regions. Agricultural methods remained traditional, and peasants lacked incentives to increase production for the benefit of landlords. Social Unrest By the end of the eighteenth century, Russian reformers were criticizing their nation’s backwardness and urging the abolition of serfdom. Peasant discontent was more significant Peasants remained loyal to the tsar, but blamed landlords for the harshness of their lives. Periodic rebellions occurred from the seventeenth century The tsar and nobility triumphed, but peasant discontent remained a problem In Depth: Multinational Empires During the early modern period, Russia created the longest-lasting multinational empire The Mughal Empire ended during the nineteenth century Special characteristics of the Russian Empire were the presence of a large core of ethnic groups prepared to spread widely and establish new settlements Russian ability to adopt Western techniques. Such states included minority ethnicities but developed methods to achieve national unity. From the nineteenth century onward, there have been serious clashes between national loyalties and multinational empires Russia and Eastern Europe Regions west of Russia formed a fluctuating borderland between western and eastern European interests In the Ottoman Balkans, trade with the West spread Enlightenment concepts. Poland and the Czech and Slovak areas were a part of the Some Eastern regions were participants in the Protestant Reformation Many of the smaller states lost political autonomy. The largest state, Poland, was linked to the West by shared Roman Catholicism By 1600, Polish aristocrats weakened the central government and exploited peasants Urban centers and a merchant class were lacking The kingdom was partitioned by Russia, Prussia, and Austria. Global Connections: Russia and the World The Russian empire was different from those in the West, but its effect was enormous on two continents in this era. How to cite Notorious BIG, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Professional Numeracy Business Ethics

Question: Discuss about theProfessional Numeracyfor Business Ethics. Answer: Introduction to the Topic Business Ethics is the form of professional ethics or applied ethics that can examine the ethical or moral issues as well as the ethical principles that arise in the environment of a business. It is also referred to the sets of values or the contemporary standards or the sets of values, which govern the behavior and the action of an individual in the organizations. The moral principles as well as values or norms can guide the way through which a business behaves. Topic Alignment with Curriculum Document Business Ethics is a very important topic in Humanity and Social Science. This is simply because that the Business ethics has the social implications or it has an influence on the society. Business Ethics effectively deals with both of the business as well as the social norms and values. Thus, in case of studying the Humanity and social science, Business Ethics should be incorporated in the study of Humanity and Social Science and aligned with the curriculum documents. Mathematics Involvement There are few significant models, which can portray the basic involvement of the mathematics in Business Ethics. These are the Berles model, Dodds model and the GermanJapanese model. Globalization has implemented the entire societies accountable as well as interdependent for the political, social and environmental challenges that threaten for undermining the shared future of people. Berles model is the shareholder-centred model of fiduciary duties. On the other hand, in the Dodds model, directors of the company are guardians of all the interests, which the corporation affects and not merely servants of its absentee owners. Apart from that, in case of the GermanJapanese model, the companies focus on the rights and interests of employees as well as this model also considers the fact that the employees are first among stakeholders Relevant Economic Concepts There are also few significant as well as convenient economic concepts in association with the mathematical involvement in the Business Ethics topic. These economic concepts are agency costs, incomplete contracting, asymmetric information as well as moral hazards navigation. The term agency costs refers to the inevitable costs incurred by a company in using an agent (who may use company resources to their own benefit) to act on behalf of the principal. Incomplete contracting is referred to the gaps within the contractual arrangement made in formal manner and to the entire relationship facets that make it work smoothly or work at all. The US economist Joseph Stiglitz coined the term asymmetric information syndrome. Stiglitz is referred to the differences in information between, say, the worker and his employer, the lender and the borrower, the insurance company and the insured. The moral hazard was utilized originally in the context of insurance to refer to the peoples tendency with i nsurance cover for paradoxically reducing the attention as well as care they take for avoiding or reducing insured losses. Teaching and Learning Activities There is few teaching as well as learning activities those necessary for gaining all the skills and knowledge regarding a particular subject. These are as follows: How to implement big gains in the student learning of the teachers To help the students for accepting that there is more than one correct answer Learning enhancement Planning for the lectures Enhancing the understanding of the students Making more meaningful the lectures as the learning experiences To help the students for understanding the difficult concept To encourage the students for reading as well as coming by being prepared for the class To help students to master the study as well as the content on Business Ethics Part 2 Examples from The Tiger That Isn't This particular book has provided the proper example of how numbers can be misinterpreted or misused with the evidence clearly explained as well as deconstructed in such a manner which is easy to understood. More difficult concepts are tackled as each chapter develops, in a manner that can be accessed even to those to whom Mathematics is a "cobwebbed mystery". This book has also provided the examples of real life for the direct utilization in the classroom. The Journalists would be advised to read it closely and Mathematics or Statistics teachers will find a wealth of reallife examples for direct use in the classroom. This book has also depicted a view that mathematics is not simply a subject of academic value and that it is indeed not to difficult for us all to have a go at. The Tiger that isn't has shown that a little Mathematics goes a long way towards seeing through the web of numbers and percentages we see around us towards the real facts of the story. Influence of the Examples These examples have simply tried to make Mathematics interesting to the learners as most of them scare to solve problem sums. With the help of the knowledge portrayed in this book, it can easily be understood that Mathematics is also very easily to learn by the learners. On the other hand, this book has also portrayed that a little Mathematics can go a long way towards seeing through the percentages as well as the web of numbers around the learners to the real facts of this particular story. On the other hand, with the help of the concept built in this book, it can also be understood that the mathematics has its huge implication as well as influences over several other subjects. This book has also established the view that Mathematics is simply not an academic values subject as well as it is not indeed too hard for the learners all to have a go at. The authors are capable enough at turning tough issues around as well as permitting learners for understanding them. The book is not only for mathematicians, but for everyone who generally watches the news or read the newspaper. The advice can be given to the journalists for closely reading it as well as mathematics or stats teachers would find a wealth of real life examples for direct utilization in the classroom. Reference List Alderman, M. K. (2013).Motivation for achievement: Possibilities for teaching and learning. Routledge. Beetham, H., Sharpe, R. (2013).Rethinking pedagogy for a digital age: Designing for 21st century learning. routledge. Blastland, M., Dilnot, A. W. (2008).The tiger that isn't: seeing through a world of numbers. Profile Books. DesJardins, J. R., McCall, J. J. (2014).Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. eon Rossouw, D., Van Vuuren, L. (2010).Business ethics. Oxford University Press, 2010. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015).Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Hoffman, W. M., Frederick, R. E., Schwartz, M. S. (Eds.). (2014).Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons. Kang, D. (2013). Paper Tiger: Why isnt the rest of Asia afraid of China.Foreign Policy. April,25. Lea, M. R., Nicoll, K. (2013).Distributed learning: Social and cultural approaches to practice. Routledge. Manninen, J. and Tuomela, R. eds., 2012.Essays on explanation and understanding: studies in the foundations of humanities and social sciences(Vol. 72). Springer Science Business Media. Okabe, A. (Ed.). (2016).GIS-based Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences. CRC Press. Weiss, J. W. (2014).Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Williford, C., Henry, C. J., Friedlander, A. (2012).One culture: Computationally intensive research in the humanities and social sciences: A report on the experiences of first respondents to the digging into data challenge. Council on Library and Information Resources. Yow, V. R. (2014).Recording oral history: A guide for the humanities and social sciences. Rowman Littlefield.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

10 Fun Facts About Cornell

From Dragons to secret societies to Bill Nye the Science Guy,Cornellhas it all. Its the biggest ivy in terms of student body with over 20,000 undergraduate and graduate students in attendance but thats a boring fact you can find anywhere. dug up trivia that very few students know about. We think youll enjoy these fun facts! 1. Cornell was almost located in Syracuse. Politician Andrew Dickson White lobbied for the university to be built on the hill in Syracuse because it was the citys transportation hub, but Ezra Cornell had a bad experience in Syracuse - as a teenager he was robbed of his wages. So instead of building the school in Syracuse, depicted above, Ezra chose his hometown of Ithaca, NY. 2. Cornell stretches for thousands of acres. Cornells main campus covers 745 acres overlooking the town of Ithaca and Cayuga Lake. The university also owns the nearby Cornell Plantations - 4,300 acres of gardens and forest. Plus Cornell has campuses in New York City and multiple campuses internationally, including a medical campus in Education City, Qatar. 3. Dragon Day goes up in flames. Every March,CornellcelebratesDragon Day. First-year architecture students build a giant dragon. They parade it across campus and then light it on fire in the Arts Quad. The 2015 dragon is pictured above. 4.Cornell is the only public-ivy league school.Four of the seven schools that make up Cornell University receive state funding. They include the New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Human Ecology, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, and College of Veterinary Medicine. The schools receive over $130 million every year to support teaching and research. 5. There are hundreds of notable alums.Cornell has many notable alums including Jane Lynch, Bill Maher, Bill Nye the Science Guy (pictured at Cornell), Keith Olbermann, Christopher Reeve aka Superman, Ann Coulter, Huey Lewis, Harry Chapin, and Ruth Bader Ginsburg. 6. The University was founded in 1865.Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White founded the university with the goal of creating an institution where any person can find instruction in any study. Ezra Cornell was also the founder of Western Union. White was a New York politician and served as the schools first president for nearly two decades. 7. Students refer to their traditions and legends as Cornelliana.The most famous is superstition that if a virgin crosses the Arts Quad at midnight, the statues of Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White will step off theirpedestalsto shake hands in the center of the quad. 8. Poisonous plants have a place at Cornell.Cornell Plantation includes a Weed Garden and PoisonousPlants Garden full of plants that are hazardous to livestock. Cannabis was included in these gardens for decades - it was removed in the 1970s when it became a bit too popular amongst students. 9. Slope Day brings big names in music to Ithaca.Slope Day celebrates the final day of spring classes with live music. Recent performers at Slope Day include Ludacris, Kendrick Lamar, Drake, Pussycat Dolls, Ben Folds, Kanye West, O.A.R., Snoop Dogg, and The Game. Duke Ellington and The Grateful Dead also performed on Slope Day in 1947 and 1977, respectively. 10. Theres a student organization for anything and everything.Cornellhas over 900 student organizations, not including the two secret honor societies: Sphinx Head and Quill and Dagger, both of which have existed since the late 1800s. The oldest student organization is the Cornell University Glee Club, founded in 1868. Its impossible to be bored atCornell. If youre thinking about applying, get a sense of the student body by browsing theapplication filesof accepted students. You can read their successful application essays and sign up for amentorto provide feedback on your application.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Current Trends in Music Education Essays

Current Trends in Music Education Essays Current Trends in Music Education Paper Current Trends in Music Education Paper Secondary school reform represents a vitally important topic. In the early twenty-first century, the major goal was helping all students reach high academic standards. This has yielded a number of innovative programs that attempt to balance students personal and academic needs. Effective curricula include core learning in discrete academic subjects, increased foreign languages, interdisciplinary courses, and alternative assessment approachesi. The foundational skills of reading and writing are garnering more attention at the secondary level in all content area classes. Along with high standards, public schools must meet the needs of all students and provide an appropriate education for students with many diverse needs. Inclusion of students with disabilities requires schools to rethink the way classes are tracked and how services are provided to students who have difficulty in the school environment. Co-teaching arrangements, which allow subject area specialists to work with trained special educators in the same classroom, constitute one approach to meeting diverse needs. Some research indicates that smaller high schools are better settings for meeting adolescent needs and helping students reach their full academic potential. In an attempt to break down large comprehensive high schools, a number of options are being tried. Small school alternatives include schools-within-schools and parallel schools sharing the same physical space with distinct missions and programsii. Some large high schools separate students by grade level into separate wings. Along with having high standards in core subjects and other areas, the arts and aesthetic programs are either brought along with it, ignored, or stomped out. Depending on the view of the community and the school administration, the arts programs, especially music programs, can suffer from this increase in expectations. It is up to music educators of today and the future to continue to, in some area, fight tooth and nail for our subjects justification in the school curricula. In other areas, the expectations are brought up in the music program with the other core subjects. Flexible scheduling is used so that students and teachers can have enough time for a variety of instructional strategies and more personalized interactions. Block scheduling, one form of flexible scheduling, has increased class time. These larger blocks allow teachers to use a variety of teaching strategies and provide time for differentiating instruction to meet specific student needs. But, in opposite light, block scheduling can harm the music program. While block scheduling essentially adds another hour to your schedule, that schedule only happens every other school day. So, every other week, students are possibly going three to four days without being in the music classroom. Crime and violence in secondary schools garner extensive media attention. Many schools are attempting to circumvent alienated youth through social and emotional intelligence programs, organizational structures, and increased surveillanceiii. Crime prevention in schools has risen as crime has risen in secondary school. Ever since the school shootings in Columbine, Minnesota, and Virginia, crime prevention in secondary schools have brought out metal detectors, heightened security, and a tension within the school body. While this is not supposed to affect classrooms, the fact is that is does in some cases. Research has it that some schools are implying a security guard or police to each classroom. This can raise tension in a room, but could also be seen as a preventive method to misbehavior. The idea of where school is physically happening has also come into light. In some areas, state-supported academies for gifted students have been established. Charter schools attempt to meet the needs of a diverse group of students by forming a specific vision and plan outside of the ordinary. Technology may also play a role in the place and mode of secondary instruction as distance learning becomes more popular. Secondary schools continue to experiment with a variety of ways to meet the social, intellectual, personal, and vocational needs of students. There is always change within the realm of education, and especially that of music education. As the populace of teacher, instructors, and professors understand more about how a person learns and processes information, more ways to give them that information emerge. There are multiple large philosophical ideas in teaching that can be seen every decade or so in the past one hundred years. These trends lead to enlightenment and knowledge in how to deliver information and how to get that information to stick with however the information is intended for. These current trends within education affect music education in general.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Pay and Reward - Tutorial Facilitation Speech or Presentation

Pay and Reward - Tutorial Facilitation - Speech or Presentation Example In the context of engaging appropriate individuals as well as retaining those who contribute their utmost efforts towards the organizations, it has been observed that increasing challenges are being witnessed by the modern organizations thereby, making it necessary for them to evaluate the initiatives of talent management. Therefore, it can be considered that the aspects of employee engagement, performance as well as productivity of the organizations are correlated in order to gain profitability as well as attain an effective competitive advantage. An effective structure of employee engagement is believed to significantly reduce employee turnover, absenteeism and notably contribute towards increasing the productivity as well as the profitability of the organizations. ...A successful employment brand significantly illustrates the employment experience of the existing employees and trigger desires for newly hired employees within the organizations. Creating an effective employment bran d and achieving superior reputation significantly gives rise to a sophisticated working environment which boosts productivity as well as trims down the attrition rates of the organizations (ICIMS, â€Å"6 Key Essentials for Engaging and Retaining Top Talent†). Potential Administrative Issues/Problems With respect to finding and hiring potential employees, it is considered imperative for the organizations to maintain the framework, principles as well as certain administrative issues pertaining to the organizations. The organizational principles are supposed to be the core aspects which aid to build an effective and sustainable position within the market. During the process of hiring or recruiting talents, the organizations should consider certain factors including educational background, adequate knowledge, and experience as well as behavioral aspects of the candidates. Moreover, the organizations are also known to possess certain principles that are frequently considered to b e inflexible in terms of hiring individuals. Compensations and Benefits It can be extensively observed that paying suitable and higher wages to the employees or paying additional compensation proves to be highly beneficial in terms of increasing talent engagement which also further helps to reduce the attrition rate of the employees.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

ECONOMICS FOR GLOBAL BUSINESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ECONOMICS FOR GLOBAL BUSINESS - Essay Example The average annual growth of the Chinese economy has been around 10% in the last few years. The growth and expansion of the economy of China can be credited to the array of economic reforms that have been taken up in the country in the last few years. These economic reforms have made the Chinese economy more production oriented and has supported the increase in the production capacity of the nation. Presently, the government of China is focusing on developing a wide array of macroeconomic policies in the country which would support the accelerated growth of the nation and strengthen the economic system of the nation as well. China aims at maintaining the stability and innovativeness in its macroeconomic policies. The macroeconomic policies of China including both the monetary and fiscal policies are prudent and proactive. The central aim of the government of China is to support the economic growth and development through the management of the macroeconomic demand. Also, the country w ants to respond adequately to the fluctuations in the domestic as well as the global business conditions through the introduction of effective and innovative macroeconomic policies. These macroeconomic policies have enabled the nation to prevent a build up of financial risks and inflationary pressures on the economy and also sustain the local employment levels. The macroeconomic policies of China are mainly formulated by the government of China and the Peoples’ Bank of China which is the central bank operating in the country. As in the case of other economies, the policymakers of China also employ a wide number of varied regulatory, monetary and fiscal policies. However, the operations of these macroeconomic policies are significantly different from the operations of the macroeconomic policies in the developed economies of the world. These differences can be mainly found in the

Monday, November 18, 2019

Employment Law and Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employment Law and Policy - Essay Example First, when they went to meet with Ms. Young, they should have waited for the next meeting time as she did not deny addressing their issues. They began their journey to the headquarters. Second, while investigating the matters highlighted by the three nurses, Custer did not observe the similar discontent from the department heads that was portrayed by the three nurses; rather, the department heads supported Ms. Young. Third, the department heads informed about their reservations over the unprofessional conduct and behavior of the three nurses. Fourth, the Ms. Young also complained about the improper and lack of cooperation from the three nurses. Subsequent to that, when Custer asked each person at the meeting for the names of the people he or she thought responsible for the tension at the Heartland facility, a considerable number of counts highlighted the major involvement of the three nurses. More importantly, when in March, the HR Director Custer was announcing his decisions resolv ing the issue; defiance and resistance to change was personally felt by the Director that was largely contributed by the three nurses. In almost every organization, a code of conduct is established and the employees are required to support and follow the requirements of it. Mostly, a number of organizations emphasize its enforcement so that the smooth functioning of the organization must remain active and continue. However, the conduct of the three nurses did not respect the established code of conduct; rather, they went against it.  ... However, the conduct of the three nurses did not respect the established code of conduct; rather, they went against it. And, the subsequent investigation proved and necessitated the employment termination of the three nurses. Impasses, Strikes, and Dispute Resolution The Mackay doctrine permits employers to hire permanent replacement workers for strikers (Hatton, 2011, p. 97). However, the United States also maintains that its laws guarantee the right of association and the right to strike and that the ‘Mackay doctrine’ must not violate the right to strike (Compa & Diamond, 1996, p.35). The inverse seniority step violates the sanctity of the Section 8(a) (1) of the NLRA. This Section maintains that any attempt by the employers shall be deemed as an unfair labor practice that interfere with, coerce or restrain employees in the exercise of their rights to join or assist labor organizations, or not to assist or join labor organizations. The inverse seniority option offered by the Child Care Services Inc. (CCSI) represents a clear act of interfering in the employee rights to assist or perform labor organization related activities and the inverse seniority would bring the replacements first for the most senior members; and, in the very first attempt of replacement, the main union members of the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) would be replaced in the case of strike; this action directly breaches the workers’ rights and puts additional pressure on them so that they should avoid exercising their legal rights for obtaining their objectives. On the other hand, Mackay doctrine permits the employers to hire replacement workers in the

Friday, November 15, 2019

Internal System Unit Components Computer Science Essay

Internal System Unit Components Computer Science Essay The processor or the CPU Central Processing Unit is the brain of the computer. The processor carries out the instructions in a program and controls all the work in the computer. Each of the separate components of CPU on its own is relatively simple. The key components of a CPU are the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), control unit and registers. Control unit control the flow of the information through the processor. This component receives, decodes, stores the result and manages the implementation of the data that flows through the CPU. It decides what actions it has to take and ensure that the data is sent to the appropriate components in the computer. Arithmetic Logic Unit is the part of CPU where all calculations are made. ALU performs the mathematical functions of addition, subtraction, multiplications, division and the logic operations. These include timing, number system and instructions. Registers is basically controlled by control unit and a necessary part of the CPU. Registers are temporary memory where it used to keep the data and other information while the program is running. Another type of registry is to accumulate, which is responsible for storing the next value that will be processed by the CPU. Processors also communicate in different ways. Like AMD and Intel; AMD is using the chipset hyper transport and Intel is using the front side bus to communicate. Motherboard Motherboard allows all the computer parts to communicate to each other and it also the primary hardware component inside a computer system. The main components of motherboard are: CPU Chip: The CPU is Central Processing Unit which controls all the calculations and decisions inside the PC. The CPU have all the control over the work is running on PC. RAM: Random Access Memory provides the working area for the CPU. Its keep all the temporary memory of the running programs and stores the data or informations as temporary. Floppy Controller: Is the hardware responsible for interfacing the floppy drives on your computer. It manages the flow of information from floppy to system processor. IDE Controller: Integrated Drive Electronics is connection for you hard drive or CD/DVD drive. It has the responsible for controlling the hard drive. PCI Slot: PCI slot can be used for components such as Ethernet cards, sound cards and modems. The PCI bus is used to connect I/O devices to the main logic of the computer. CMOS Battery: This is motherboard battery. This battery is used to allow the CMOS to keep its settings. AGP Slot: Stand for Advance Graphic Port and this is to connect the graphics card in to the motherboard. Power Supply Plug In: This is the component that supplies power to the other components of the computer. It communicates with other parts of the computer and supplies the power to it. BIOS Basic Input Output System is a chip located on all the computer motherboard which contains instructions and setups for how the system should boot and to make sure that all the other chips, hard drives, memory and CPU functioning together. The BIOS chips are a ROM (Read Only Memory) that means that you can access the information and read it by the user, but not modified it. Some main functions of BIOS are: Its ensures that the hardware on computer is properly functioning before starting the process of loading operating systems. Allow you to configuration against the configuration data. Hardware settings and other system settings you can use the diagnostic tool and fix the problem. BIOS also give the computer basic information about how to interact with some critical components. Power supply Power supply is the component that supplies power to make the computer and components work. It provides all of the different voltages your computer needs to operate properly. The power supply needs to produce enough wattage to allow the motherboard processor and other component to work properly. There are two different types of power, internal (Alternating current) and external (Direct current). The power supply also referred as switching power supplies. The power supplies pull the required amount of electricity and convert the AC input current to DC voltages. The typical voltages supplied are: 3.3 volts 5 volts 12 volts Fan and heat sink or cooling Its a physical device to keep the processor cool from the heat. Keeping processor is a major part of PC performance. Without them the components on your computer can get damage or even crash the system. The fan extracts the hot air from the case and keeps the components cooled down all the time. Heat sink is another device which sits over the CPU and keeps the CPU cooled down. The CPU is the one of the most important chip and to make the system more efficient the CPU most work properly. Some components generate a lot of heat and these can affect other chips close to them. Like 3D video cards and graphics cars generates a lots of heat. Hard drive configuration and controllers (e.g. SATA, IDE, EIDE, Master, Slave) Hard disk is a computer component where you can save large amount of data and other information that you need on it. You may also be used as a backup device. It is also called as Non-Volatile memory. There are three main hard drive controllers which is SATA, IDE and EIDE SATA: Serial Advanced Technology Attachment is a mass storage device where you can save your data and information on it. Its the next generation drive interface from the traditional Parallel ATA. The main function of SATA is to send data in serial mode. IDE: Integrated Drive Electronics have two different types of IDE controller, a primary IDE controller and a secondary IDE controller. It is a standard electronics interface between a computer motherboard and the computer disk. IDE is used to connect different drives to the computer but the main function is to send and receive data to and from the drive. The secondary IDE controller can be used on CD, DVD drivers and floppy drives. EIDE: Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics is a standard electronics interface between your computer and storage device. EIDI is an improved version of IDE which provides much faster data rates than the original one and make it easy when you are working with computer hardware. The EIDE is also knows as ATA-2. There are two IDE controller, primary and secondary controller. You can assign master and slave to the primary and secondary drives to them. This allows one drives controller to tell the other drive when it can transfer the data or from the computer. The slave drive makes a request to the master drive if the information or the data can be sent. Its up to master to decide what action it has to take. If the master drive is not communicating with the computer it allows to send the information otherwise it tells the slave drive to wait. Communication ports e.g. USB, parallel, serial A communication port allows you to transmitting the data between a computer and peripheral device. A communication port is also called serial port and uses a transmitter to send data, one bit at time. Most computer has communication port because no extra or other hardware is needed other than a cable to connect. Internal memory (RAM, ROM, cache) Specialized card e.g. network, graphics cards Peripherals: Output devices eg monitor, printer, plotter; (11) input devices eg camera, scanner; (12) cabling eg coaxial, optical, twisted pair; Backing Storage: Portable and fixed drives types eg disks, pen drives, optical media, flash memory cards;

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

the Cathedral :: essays research papers

OUT and OUT The buzz-saw snarled and rattled in the yard And made dust and dropped stove-length sticks of wood, Sweet-scented stuff when the breeze drew across it. And from there those that lifted eyes could count Five mountain ranges one behind the other Under the sunset far into Vermont. And the saw snarled and rattled, snarled and rattled, As it ran light, or had to bear a load. And nothing happened: day was all but done. Call it a day, so they said To please the boy by giving him the half hour That a boy counts so much when saved from work. His sister stood beside them in her apron To tell them "Supper." At the word, As to put the saw down to rest As the saw knew what â€Å"supper† meant The saw, leaped out at the boy's hand, or seemed to leap He must have given it a flick of the hand. However it was, The saw met its final lay at rest on the arm of the girl. The boy's first outcry was a rueful laugh, As his sister remained silent as if nothing was of big matters As he froze in astonishment of what had just occurred, Half in appeal, but half as if to keep His sister’s life from spilling. Then the boy saw all Since he was old enough to know, big boy Doing a man's work, though a child at heart He could not bear to see what the saw has done. It was not his doing; but the saw, Or was it him that caused this atrocity? Why was he given the half hour? Why couldn’t they let him work into the evening? It was not his fault, His sister screamed â€Å"supper† to him. He saw all spoiled. "Don't them see who has done this The doctor, when he comes. Don't let him, sister!" Sister could not comprehend what has become of the boy, But the raising was done, and the outcome was the boy. What would happen to him? Not his sister, but to him? The doctor put him in the dark of ether. All attention was to be given to the boy’s sister. He cannot allow this to be his fault. He lay and puffed his lips out with his breath. He paced to and fro, thinking, thinking, Of what to do, what to say now. And then-the watcher of the girl’s pulse took fright. No one believed. They listened at her heart.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Eng 125 Week 1 Assignment

ENG/125 8/6/2012 A Poem Poetry is not something that I would normally be interested in. I’ve tried writing poetry only to end up a dismal failure. I’ve tried to read poetry only to end up bored halfway through. I’ve always wanted to be one of those soulful poetic types who walk around with a serene look on their faces, snapping their fingers when something tickles their fancy but I’ve never quite made that transition. Poetry, to me, seems to be a fanciful, ethereal pursuit that has somehow always gone over my head no matter how hard I’ve tried.Since I’ve failed miserably at being a poet or even enjoying poetry, you can imagine my surprise when I read â€Å"Dog’s Death† and not only enjoyed it but it touched my heart. A good poem knows how to grab not only the reader’s attention but will snag the reader’s emotions and take them on a roller coaster; whether it has a happy or a sad ending the poem should keep the read er’s interest until the end. The poem â€Å"Dog’s Death† is a poem about a dog that has become a part of a family only to later be injured and die a slow death from a liver laceration.The author talks of how the dog learned to use the bathroom by going potty on newspapers and then moves on to being potty trained. The author talks of how the family plays with the dog though the dog is hemorrhaging the whole time. The author talks of how they finally saw that there was a problem and rushed the dog to the vet but the dog died on the way and, finally, the author talks of how the dog, in the last hours of her life, has diarrhea in the house but has found a discarded newspaper to go on so as not to soil the floor.The tone that the author uses is a ton of wistfulness and sadness. One might expect the author to use a tone of urgency as they rush the dog to the vet but the poet is remembering the event and the tone has been glazed over with a sadness that downplays the u rgency. The author also uses a poignant metaphor [Definition. (2005-2010)] when he says â€Å"As we teased her with play, blood was filling her skin/and her heart was learning to lie down forever†.I can clearly picture the dog trying her hardest to play with the family because she loves them so much but knowing that something is wrong and probably being in a lot of pain at the same time. The faithfulness that the dog shows is heart rending and so very sad but uplifting at the same time. The formalist approach to critiquing literature is the most widely used form [Clugston, R. W. (2010)]. In the formalist approach the reader is asked to look into the piece of literature to see what parts make the piece interesting.The formalist approach asks questions like â€Å"Was there a surprise? † â€Å"How were the characters described? † and â€Å"Why was the plot interesting? † [Clugston, R. W. (2010)]. The formalist approach really gets the reader thinking about w hy they liked the piece, what part was their favorite part and which was their favorite character. The formalist approach can really get to the heart of a piece of literature. In â€Å"Dog’s Death† the author uses the main character (we assume the male head of the family) to describe the dog’s beginning as well as the dog’s last moments in life.The character’s weren’t around for long so they didn’t have a lot of time to develop but we know that the dog was faithful and loving, the man was loving and kind and the rest of the family loved the dog very much. The setting was memorable because you very quickly realize that there is something wrong with the dog so the reader’s interest is quickly snagged and is snagged again at the end when the main character realizes that the dog had one last accident but used a discarded newspaper in order to keep the floor clean.The flow of the poem adds to the appeal because the meter of the poem makes the words roll off of the tongue without tripping over superfluous syllables or complicated words. The idea of the poem is a simple story of a family and their dog and the circumstances surrounding the dog’s demise. If the author had put large words with complicated meanings it would detract from the idea of the poem. A â€Å"Dog’s Death† is an emotional poem that is very well written, flows naturally and uses terms, tone and characters that all readers can relate too.The poem, told in the first person, is thought provoking, interesting, has highs and lows and leaves the reader really feeling the meaning of the poem; and that is what a poem is meant for. References Definition. (2005-2010). Retrieved from http://www. poetryarchive. org/poetryarchive/glossaryItem. do? letter=M&id=8079 Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into literature. San Diego, Ca: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

Friday, November 8, 2019

construction essays

construction essays CHALLENGES FACING URBAN TRANSPORT IN ASIA One of the greatest challenges facing the new millennium is to effect a well integrated and environmentally acceptable solution for urban transportation. In spite of many decades of studies, involving research and experiments, success has often been elusive and more importantly, there is still a lack of consensus of what constitutes an acceptable integrated transport policy within the urban fabric The paper analyses the global trend towards urbanisation and demonstrates that while there are megacites throughout the world,there is a concentration of them in the Asian region and that the region needs to devise ways of dealing with the problem.Since a majority of the cities in Asia are still developing, the rapid urbanisation of these cities has posed serious problems before the city managers and administrators in the field of housing, infra-structure, social amenities and transport.Transportation is crucial for the economic growth of the region.Urban mobility is a basic recquirment of urban economy.As a result of this urban transport is getting more and more importance with the passage of time.The paper looks at the scale of the problem facing urban transport planners and service operators in keeping the cities moving so that urban productivity is not affected. A number of measures are needed : in the Short Term in a coordinated manner in areas such as road pricing , fiscal constraints, computerised traffic control systems, various traffic control measures, strict enforcement of traffic laws, operational and pricing improvements.Some of the other short term measures are making fuels costly , subsidising public transport.Also regulating on-street parking and levying proper parking charges can be adopted as effective short term measures. Long Term mearures include improved land use planning, encouragement of distributedurban land development and investment in mass transit systems. .T...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Communications Media Analysis Worksheet Essays

Communications Media Analysis Worksheet Essays Communications Media Analysis Worksheet Paper Communications Media Analysis Worksheet Paper Communications Environments and Media Questions COMMUNICATIONS ENVIRONMENTS AND MEDIA Communications environmentCommunications medium Electronically mediated virtual communication____Two-way instant messaging_______ For the communications environment and medium listed above, answer the following questions: 1. What are five communications situations in which this medium could be appropriately used? a. You are able to send out a meeting location change five minutes before the meeting starts to the other attendee (for small meetings) b. You are able to ask a someone a short question to find out information quickly c. Someone is able to quickly ask you your fax number so that they can send you a fax and you can verify receipt of the fax instantly d. Can coordinate on a homework assignment between classmates in different locations e. Can chat briefly with someone online when background noise in a location is too distracting for a phone call 2. What are two communications situations in which it would be inappropriate to use this medium? a. Having personal conversations in an office environment b. A manager sending confidential salary information to an employee when they are not certain who may be reading the instant message over the employee’s shoulder 3. What are five non-verbal communications elements characteristic of this medium? a. Font size, type, and color used in the message b. Whether or not emoticons are used c. The length of the initial message and length of responses d. The way each response is phrased (is the â€Å"enter† key pressed after every few words even if the entire sentence is not completed? ) e. The amount of time it takes each person to respond to each other â€Å"instantly† (one second versus 30 seconds). 4. What are five types of noise that this communications medium is subject to (e. g. , anything in the environment that delays, distorts, or destroys the message)? . Internet connection is broken mid-conversation b. Computer crash c. Instant messaging software versions are not compatible between users d. Power outage e. Hard component failures (monitor blackout, keyboard disconnection, mouse malfunction) 5. What types of feedback are possible with this medium? a. The receiver can reply instantly to the initial IM message b. The receiver can call the sender via telephone if the initial message was a telephone number c. The IM software can notify the sender that the receiver is online, a two-way connection is established, and the receiver is typing a message in reply 6. What are five communication skills necessary to effectively use this medium? a. Ability to compose short and coherent messages b. Ability to determine the level of information necessary in a brief message c. Ability to determine the information needs of the receiver d. Ability to understand the level of urgency required in order to use IM to send the message e. Ability to type fast with minimal spelling and grammatical errors 7. Is this medium appropriate for sending an urgent message? Explain. Two-way instant messaging allows for brief real time conversations when a telephone is not an option. This medium is appropriate for sending an urgent message only when the sender can verify that the receiver is online and available to chat (which is usually indicated by the software). If the receiver is not available for online chat at the time the sender wishes to send a message, the sender must choose email or another form of virtual communication that does not require the receiver to be present at the time the message is sent, while at the same time accepting that there will be a delay in the response. COMMUNICATIONS ENVIRONMENTS AND MEDIA Communications environmentCommunications medium Paper-mediated virtual communication_________Report________ For the communications environment and medium listed above, answer the following questions: 8. What are five communications situations in which this medium could be appropriately used? a. Sending results analysis to a business customer concerning a recent product rollout b. Presenting a list of research findings to a group of people c. Creating a sharing numerical data in the form of graphs to upper level management d. Presenting on cost benefits of a new product to stakeholders e. Sharing your course learning with classmates r the instructor of a class 9. What are two communications situations in which it would be inappropriate to use this medium? a. Composing a biography for a company website b. Writing an abstract interpretation of a song or piece of literature 10. What are five non-verbal communications elements characteristic of this medium? a. Font style and size used b. Length of paragraphs within the document and num ber of pages c. Use of graphs and colors d. Whether or not the report is printed or sent via email attachment e. If the report is printed, whether or not it is bound in a formal report cover 11. What are five types of noise that this communications medium is subject to (e. g. , anything in the environment that delays, distorts, or destroys the message)? a. If the report is an email attachment, the file size may be too large for some inboxes b. Paper may jam while printing c. May run out of ink when either printing or copying d. Graphs or diagrams may not be aligned properly if report is viewed from another operating system e. Data may not be complete or available in time for the report deadline 12. What types of feedback are possible with this medium? a. If the report is handed out in person, face to face verbal acknowledgement may be given b. If the report is send via email attachment, the receiver may send an email reply c. If the report is presenting in front of a group, questions may be asked in response to the report content 13. What are five communication skills necessary to effectively use this medium? a. Ability to interpret data into graphs b. Ability to determine the level of information needed for the target audience c. Ability to interpret research information so that logical conclusions are reached d. Ability to organize thoughts in a logical order so that receivers can come to the correct conclusions e. Ability to use the applications necessary to compose the report (such as Word, Excel, and Power Point). 14. Is this medium appropriate for sending an urgent message? Explain. This medium is not appropriate for sending an urgent message because reports are usually created after the sender takes time to gather, analyze, and interpret data. The report reflects as few as several hours to several days and even several months worth of research and the report itself may take some time to put together. COMMUNICATIONS ENVIRONMENTS AND MEDIA Communications environmentCommunications medium Electronically mediated Real-Time communication___Radio_______ For the communications environment and medium listed above, answer the following questions: 15. What are five communications situations in which this medium could be appropriately used? a. Morning news report broadcasted during driver commutes b. Daily traffic reports delivered during morning and evening rush hour to drivers c. Advertising for listeners in between music sets d. Severe weather advisories which interrupt normal broadcasting e. School and business closings during inclement weather (such as snow) 16. What are two communications situations in which it would be inappropriate to use this medium? a. Broadcasting a news or television program b. Sending out a personalized message to just one individual (no guarantee they will be listening at the particular moment the message is sent out). 17. What are five non-verbal communications elements characteristic of this medium? a. Use of background music with the radio message b. The tone of the speaker (monotone or with conversational inflection) c. Competency or confidence of the person speaking or reading the message d. Speed at which the message is spoken or read e. Length of advertisement or broadcast 18. What are five types of noise that this communications medium is subject to (e. g. , anything in the environment that delays, distorts, or destroys the message)? a. Radio signal is weak b. Traffic noises during rush hour c. Listener changes channels in the middle of broadcast d. Radio station DJ cuts message short e. Listener carrying on a conversation with another person during broadcast 19. What types of feedback are possible with this medium? a. Listeners respond to advertisement by visiting store b. Listeners call into radio station in response to a news report or to provide traffic updates c. Listeners can email radio station in response to news heard on the radio 20. What are five communication skills necessary to effectively use this medium? a. Ability to speak clearly and annunciate each word b. Fluent in language that the message is written in c. Ability to broadcast messages on one take without making a mistake d. Ability of the writer to compose short and coherent messages e. Ability to determine the level of information needed for the target audience 21. Is this medium appropriate for sending an urgent message? Explain. This medium is appropriate for sending an urgent message when the message is important enough to interrupt the radio program. The most common situation for urgent radio messages is to warn listeners of severe weather such as tornados and floods. COMMUNICATIONS ENVIRONMENTS AND MEDIA Communications environmentCommunications medium Unmediated Real-Time communication_____water-cooler conversation_____ For the communications environment and medium listed above, answer the following questions: 22. What are five communications situations in which this medium could be appropriately used? a. Asking a co-worker about their weekend b. Talking about last night’s news report c. Making plans for lunch later in the day d. Sharing short personal stories that help to empathize and relate to other coworkers e. Networking and offering services for projects within and outside of work 23. What are two communications situations in which it would be inappropriate to use this medium? a. Gossiping about a fellow colleague behind their back b. Discussing confidential customer information 24. What are five non-verbal communications elements characteristic of this medium? a. Body language and posture b. Eye contact and visual focus c. Volume and inflection of voice d. Whether or not the greeting is friendly, apathetic, or hostile e. Level of listening – does the listener interrupt the speaker or lack any response? 25. What are five types of noise that this communications medium is subject to (e. g. , anything in the environment that delays, distorts, or destroys the message)? a. Someone walks by and interrupts the conversation b. External noises are too loud to hear the speaker clearly c. Listener has a poor opinion of the speaker and is biased against anything the speaker has to say d. Listener is distracted by the speaker’s grooming techniques (messy hair, wrinkled shirt, etc). e. Speaker mumbles or does not annunciate well 26. What types of feedback are possible with this medium? a. Physical feedback such as head nodding, smiling, laughing, or even frowning b. The listener paraphrases what the speaker has said to make sure the message is understood. c. The listener asks questions to clarify information 27. What are five communication skills necessary to effectively use this medium? . The ability to know what topics are appropriate for casual conversation (nothing too personal, confidential, or controversial) b. Ability to speak clearly c. Good listening skills such as focusing attention on the speaker and acknowledging understanding of the message d. Ability to determine the volume of speaking the conversation should have (not too loud as to interrupt others around you, but just loud enough to be heard) e. The ability to know when it is appropriate to carry on a casual conversation (preferably not when the listener is very busy, distracted, or not in a good mood). 8. Is this medium appropriate for sending an urgent message? Explain. This medium is not appropriate for sending an urgent message due to the fact that water-cooler conversations occur when people are free to speak casually about light topics. Urgent messages cannot depend that all intended receivers will be present and available at â€Å"the water cooler† to hear the message. Urgent messages also imply a level of importance and the water-cooler scenario is most appropriate for non-essential communications. COMMUNICATIONS SCENARIOS State which medium or media you consider the best for use in the following communications situations. Assume your intended audience has the capability to receive your message. Explain your choices. 29. You manage three company locations within a large city. There are 100 workers among the three locations. You receive a message from company headquarters informing you that the company plans to layoff 10 percent of its workforce in your city. Your job is to deliver this information to your employees. A mandatory meeting should be scheduled for employees at all three locations. The meeting would be held at one main location with employees at other locations either dialing into the meeting via teleconferencing or videoconferencing. This way the message can be delivered only once with all employees present, and employees are present to either ask questions which will receive immediate answers, or listen to questions asked by other co-workers. 30. Although you work in the U. S. , you are the manager responsible for a small workforce in three offices in three different overseas locations. Each office has two managers and 14 non-management employees. You need to pass confidential information on to the managers at each location- information that it is not appropriate for the other employees to have at this time. The confidential information will either be saved onto a password protected CD-ROM and mailed to each manager, or the information may be placed in an encrypted file and sent via email attachment. The managers will then be provided with the password to unlock or decode the information once they receive it. This way, those who have the password (the managers) are the only individuals who will see the confidential information. 1. You are the marketing manager of a small company that has developed a new and unique consumer product. However, the target market for your product is quite specific (that is, your product is not aimed at all consumers). You need to get word of your product to your target market quickly, and prefer not to waste money delivering your message to people who would not be potential customers. If the small company keeps detailed customer records and the target market is existing customers, then a direct mailing campaign would be most appropriate. However, if the advertising is limited to a certain type of consumer, perhaps advertising can be done in the types of media the target consumer would generally read, listen to, or watch. For example, if the target audience was parents, then an ad in a local parenting magazine or paper would be ideal, with the actual advertisement composed in such a way as to appeal to parents. 32. You have a virtual workforce of 30 employees who all work at home or on the road. You need to update them on wide-ranging changes in product pricing- the pricing update information runs to several pages of fairly small type. Since the information to communicate is several pages in length, and the type is fairly small, the best means of reaching a telecommuting workforce is via a company intranet. The information can be published on an intranet site that only employees can access and obtain information at any time from any place. They would be able to view the pricing update document and use the zoom function to increase the size of the font so that the information is easier to read. They also have the option to print out the information from a location of their choosing.

Monday, November 4, 2019

Xolair Literature Review Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Xolair Literature Review - Dissertation Example The intensity, chemical properties, action mechanisms, and associated with omalizumab are all pre-generalized; however, they are controlled at the time of its manufacturing when done under the label of Xolair, and involve few specific dimensions to be identified. Further, understanding its production procedure in the raw-to-commercial forms contributes greatly towards building a theoretical relationship between its positive and negative impacts (â€Å"Xolair Fact Sheet†, 2011). Therefore, this review initiates by opening a succinct discussion regarding its origins and chemical features, which is followed by a detailed description of its production, purification, and commercialization phases. After this, some pros and cons associated with the drug are discussed, along with some secondary clinical trials that shed light on its efficacy in different age groups and dosage formulations. In the final sections of this review, a brief list of general precautions and pre-defined pharma cokinetic properties are also added to not to leave some important aspects untouched. Therefore, the reader of this review is suggested to make a close reading in order to explore relationship between different dimensions of Xolair. ... es a bond with receptors of patient’s cellular membrane and as a reaction produce inflammatory mediators from within (â€Å"Scientific Discussion-Zolair†, n.d.). In this type of reaction, an anti-lgE is supposed to restrict the creation of bond between lgE and cell membrane receptors, in order to reduce the release of inflammatory mediators (Miller et al., 2008). It happened in 1987 at Houston, Texas, that scientists of a local pharmaceutical firm (Tenox) carefully studied the phenomenon of asthma prevalence, and came up with a laboratory prototype of an anti-lgE, which until the year 1991 was unable to get international exposure. However, in the late 1990’s, controlled clinical trials were conducted over patients with mild and severe paediatric and allergic rhinitis by the collaboration of different international pharmaceutical firms, and from the year 1996, omalizumab was made available publicly under the trade name of Xolair by different pharmaceutical firms a s one of the most effective allergic asthma treatment drug, referred commonly as anti-lgE. However, despite several clinical trials and experiments over the commercial product of Xolair (and its composing omalizumab), there are still researches and developments which are being conducted in order to verify all the observable effects in different cases of asthma (â€Å"Tanox, Inc. – 2010 Company Profile†, 2010). 3. Drug Description: Xolair (or omalizumab) can be terminologically described as a monoclonal anti-body derived from recombinant chromosome (based over lG1k) which impasses particularly to mammal immunoglobulin E (or lgE). Further, its pharmacodynamics reveals that it constrains the association of lgE with cellular membrane receptors (specifically FC3Rl) over the surface of mast cells and basophils

Friday, November 1, 2019

Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 - Term Paper Example airports, trying to avoid the irrational industry absorption that would eventually lead to increase in prices along with reduction in services, and encouraging the entry of airlines into newer markets thereby strengthening the services of the small air carriers as well. Several restrictions on airline operations were removed as part of the Act. Restrictions on domestic routes and new services were eliminated completely with complete end of the domestic fare regulation. These changes had been quite rapid in process (Airline Deregulation Legislation Act 1978, n.d.). The present study has considered learning on the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 discussion on the effects of regulation and deregulation and what is still being regulated in the industry. The deregulation of the airline industry had begun in the year 1979. Before that, the Civil Aeronautics Board had control over both the routes that airlines took off as well as the prices of the ticket that were charged, where the major goal of the Board was to serve the interest of the public. As the deregulation initiated, airlines that were nationally owned and could be considered as robust, prepared, and competent by the Department of Transportation (DOT) were allowed to fly on any domestic route. The principal regulatory responsibility of the DOT altered from supporting an airline’s operations for the interest of the public to making decisions whether an airline was operating in harmony with the standards of safety and other processes of operations (Competition and Regulation in the Airline Industry, 2002, p.1). From the time when the deregulation started in 1979, the airline industry in U.S. has been obtained to have grown enormously. A growth of around 225 percent was experienced by the country over this period of time. On the other hand, Canada, where airline industry was deregulated later and encountered lesser competition than the United States, experienced a lesser growth rate of 80 percent. Thus, it

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Sociology - Symbolic interaction and gay marriage Essay

Sociology - Symbolic interaction and gay marriage - Essay Example What is most significant is the fact that the society has to approve the same and not hold the gay men accountable for what they indulge within. There is a good amount of information available at hand which suggests the proper incorporation of the gay marriages within the society’s aegis. The other side of the issue suggests that the society does not quite accept such gay relationships. They believe that it is very strange to enter into such relationships because it would bring problems for the people who are spread in different areas of the world. The straight individuals feel that the gay relationships effectively mar their own linkages that they have with the people around them, and make the same look awry and skewed (Bell, 2009). This perspective has been reached upon with the passage of time as gay relationships have come on excessively in this day and age, and within different areas of the world more than anything else. The gay marriage is such an important part of the s ociety in the current times that one cannot look beyond the same. There have been immense comprehensions that have been reached upon which suggest the notion of people being against the same as well as the ones who believe it is the right of the individuals to pick and choose their own orientation.

Monday, October 28, 2019

Banning Smoking in Public Places Essay Example for Free

Banning Smoking in Public Places Essay Millions of nonsmokers all across the globe are in danger of serious health risks because of smoking, banning smoking in public places is the only rational way to avoid such risk. Smoking is the number one leading cause of preventable death. This killer is responsible for painfully taking the life of just under a half million people a year according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC.gov; 2014) People that choose not to smoke have to bear significant health burdens by inhaling the toxic fumes of the smokers by sharing the airspace. This airspace needs to be regulated and shared equally. Smoking in public has many problems associated with it, ranging from health concerns, societal issues to even the illicit trade of un-taxed tobacco. Secondhand smoke is a combination of sidestream smoke, which is smoke that comes from the burning end of cigarettes, pipes, or cigars, and mainstream smoke, which is the smoke exhaled from the smoker. There are no safe levels of secondhand smoke. According to The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; 2014), there are over 7,000 chemicals in secondhand smoke and 70 of those are linked to cancer. People that live with smokers increase their chance of getting lung cancer from twenty percent to seventy percent. Children are the ones most harmed by secondhand smoke. For them the issues can start in the womb, they can develop a type of liver cancer during gestation. Pregnancies are tougher when exposed to secondhand smoke, lower birth weights, premature deliveries, and even miscarriages can be a product of indirect contact. These are just a few of the ill health effects of being exposed to secondhand smoke, and how harmful it can be Anninos, H., Manolis, A. S. (2014). Everyone has been touched by secondhand in some fashion, nearly every adult has walked by a crowd of smokers and had to breathe in the contaminated air. Science and health professionals agree it is time for a change, the trick is how to make the change. There are semi-valid arguments that oppose smoking bans in public that say it will hurt the bar, restaurant, and club industries economically as pointed out by Craven, B., Marlow, M. L. (2008). They applied the Coase Theory to the subject of economic impact of smoking bans. They propose letting the free market decide for itself when and where such a ban would be implemented. This is a positive and one that should be looked at further. Americans overall want to be healthier, millions of dollars are made by people trying to be fit. If an owner of a bar decides that the bar will be nonsmoking he will attract a certain type of individual, one that is probably more educated and one that is more health conscience. People like that may be more inclined to spend more, therefore driving up profits and keeping his customers satisfied. Another positive aspect to that is the inside of the bar would be cleaner and healthier for his employees. Outright public bans are an option too, however they take a chainsaw to a problem where a steak knife would be better used. One of the main problems with outright public bans is criminalizing the behavior. On one hand the result would be a general public that does not ha ve to deal with secondhand smoke. However the criminal justice system is already hemorrhaging with non-violent offenders and one more law to ban a poor choice is not good policy. With the legalization of marijuana in two states and the decriminalization of the drug in many others, outright bans are not going to be coming anytime soon. The government is doing great work on tobacco education. They employ social media, billboards, TV advertising, and radio spots on tobacco and how awful it is. One powerful commercial shows a fifty one year old bald headed, toothless frail looking woman with a voice box giving tips on getting ready for the day. Commercials like that have direct impact on smokers, and nonsmokers. When nonsmokers become educated on the total cost of smoking they tend to push loved ones to quit. The antismoking campaign also adds a certain amount of shame to lighting up. It can been seen in every parking lot across America around lunch time, people hiding by their car and smoking. There has to be a rational and fair solution for both smokers and nonsmokers. Rights of both groups of people need to be respected when devising a comprehensive smoking ba n. The first policy that can be instituted is to restrict smoking to no closer than fifty feet from any public, or government building. Violations of the buffer rule could be met with punishments that fit the crime, such as community service. The second proposal is to require smokers that have children be educated about the proven devastating effects secondhand smoke has on the youngest of our  population. This could be done through the family doctor or even a referral from the education system. This would be completely for the benefit of the child. If parents know to what degree they are hurting their children, then their logical response should be to stop, or at least be more cognizant of where they smoke and how much exposure the children have. The last, most difficult, but one of the most important course of action is the complete smoking ban in public parks. Parks are meant to be places to connect with nature, nowhere in nature is the air perfumed with the putrid sent of burning paper and tobacco. Parks are a place where adolescents congregate and often smoking is very much a part of the activity. People using trail systems or paths in parks to exercise or go for walks have all suffered by going through the suffocating cloud. Smoking in public needs to be banned, the benefits far outweigh the cost. The victims of secondhand smoke have no alternative, they must to continue to breathe the air that has been breathed before unless the private and government leaders take action and ban smoking in public. References Anninos, H., Manolis, A. S. (2014). Where Smoking was Banned in Public Places, Myocardial Infarctions were Markedly Decreased!. Hospital Chronicles, 9(2), 1-4. Craven, B., Marlow, M. L. (2008). ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF SMOKING BANS ON RESTAURANTS AND PUBS. Economic Affairs, 28(4), 57-61. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0270.2008.00867.x Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2014) Tobacco Fact Sheet http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Daisy Buchanans Role in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald :: The Great Gatsby

In one of the greatest works of the Twentieth Century, The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald, there are many dynamic and round characters which greatly add to the story's theme. One character, Daisy Fay Buchannon, is made essential by way of her relation to the theme. An integral part of the plot, Daisy conveys the meaning of the novel, with her multi-dimensional personality and her relation to the conflicts. Daisy Buchannon is a round and dynamic character with many different sides to her personality. Early on in the book, she is portrayed as sweet and innocent. Her white and seemingly floating dress appeals to Nick in this way. She grew up as "the most popular of all the young girls in Louisville." Even then she dressed in white. Daisy also keeps her daughter around as a show toy. Whenever company comes over, she beckons for the little girl to come and put on a little act for everyone. This is symbolic of Daisy’s life; she is kept in the closet until it's time to show off for company, then she becomes radiant and personable. When everyone has gone, she is a bored housewife, of no importance to the world wondering aloud what she is going to do with the rest of her life. She appears to be bored yet innocent and harmless. Yet her innocence is false. Simply a materialistic young girl and has little mind of her own is underneath all of that covering. Daisy rediscovers her love with Gatsby because of his nice shirts and large house. Daisy has been well trained in a rich family. She has grown up with only the finest material goods. When Gatsby failed to contact her, she went off and married another man, without evening having heard a word from Gatsby. All of these many and round characteristics add complications to the plot and dimension to the meaning she adds to the book. The afore mentioned characteristics also help to create some of the main conflicts. Daisy was involved in the conflict between her and Tom. Tom had a mistress and Daisy was upset by it. Another conflict is her love affair with Gatsby. Her apparent sweetness and innocence allow Gatsby to fall in love with her. But her impatience and ignorance of true love or the meaning of truth or compassion allow her to flawlessly marry Tom, without a sober thought of Gatsby.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

How Does Robert Louis Stevenson use literary techniques to illustrate E

How Does Robert Louis Stevenson use literary techniques to illustrate the social, historical and moral points he is trying to make in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde? Throughout the Novella, ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’, the author Robert Louis Stevenson uses a wide range of literary techniques in a skilful and sophisticated way to help achieve his effects and put his points across. Stevenson’s unique use of language is vital to the success of the Novella, with the structural and linguistic devices playing a vital part in creating the unusual atmosphere, which makes the Novella so successful. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde centres upon a conception of humanity as dual in nature, although the theme does not emerge fully until the last chapter, when the complete story of Jekyll – Hyde relationship is revealed. Robert Louis Stevenson had a very strict moral upbringing living in the nineteenth century, where class and social standing were very important in such a rigid system. The fact that he had such a religious background perhaps creates a link between the main moral point of good and evil and his disciplined religious upbringing, the bible teaching the importance of good and evil, and the seven deadly sins. He uses a variety of techniques to put across his views across on many social, historical and moral points. Throughout the novella the author gives the readers an insight into the morality of human nature by using different characters to represent the double standards of society in the Victorian era. The different language used for each of the main characters in the book is used to emphasise the character and their role in the Novella. Utterson, the lawyer, is described in the opening sentence of the book ‘cold, scanty, a... ...t that Stevenson had such a religious background perhaps creates a link between the main moral point of good and evil and his disciplined religious upbringing. This may have influenced him in his writing, (the bible teaching the importance of good and evil, and the seven deadly sins). The Gothic horror has been compared particularly to the detective fiction of Sherlock Holmes, with both works being written in the same period of the Victorian era. It is a testimony to Stevenson’s inventiveness as a writer that this novella has had this independent existence over a hundred years after the first book was published. Because of the uniqueness of the novella and the fact that such a wide range of literary techniques have been used, it is no surprise that, ‘the strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’, is one of the most famous works of horror fiction of all time.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Genetic and Environmental Influences in Alcoholic Tendencies Essay

Alcoholic Tendencies in people may be triggered by environmental influences, genetic influences, or both. Some people may be at a great risk of developing alcoholism because of this. Genetics alone can cause certain behaviors in people. If a child grows up in an environment where neither of the parents are alcoholics but the child carries the gene to become one, the child may have a higher chance of becoming an alcoholic as an adult due to genetic factors. However, because the child is not exposed to alcohol use regularly they may never exhibit alcoholic tendencies. A person may have an even greater risk if they have genetic factors, and they are brought up in an environment where there is a lot of alcohol use. Environmental factors can also cause behaviors in people. A person that grows up in an environment where they are exposed to alcoholism regularly might have the tendency to become an alcoholic even if their genetics don’t show alcoholic tendencies. The environment in which they consider normal consists of alcohol use. Therefore, it is likely they will continue with the behaviors that they are used to. However, because the child does not have genetic factors influencing alcoholic tendencies, they may never have a problem with alcohol despite growing up in an environment where alcoholism is present. Scott 2 Genetic and environmental factors influence alcoholic tendencies in people, but this does not necessarily mean having one of these factors will result in alcoholism. However, if both factors are present then a person might have a greater chance.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Using the PHP Rand() Functions to Generate Random Numbers

Using the PHP Rand() Functions to Generate Random Numbers The rand() function is used in PHP to generate a random integer. The rand() PHP function can also be used to generate a random number within a specific range, such as a number between 10 and 30. If no max limit is specified when using the rand() PHP function, the largest integer that can be returned is determined by the getrandmax() function, which varies by operating system.   For example, in Windows, the largest number that can be generated is 32768. However, you can set a specific range to include higher numbers. Rand() Syntax and Examples The correct syntax for using the rand PHP function is as follows: rand(); or rand(min,max); Using the syntax as described above, we can make three examples for the rand() function in PHP: ?phpecho (rand(10, 30) . br);echo (rand(1, 1000000) . br);echo (rand());? As you can see in these examples, the first rand function generates a random number between 10 and 30, the second between 1 and 1 million, and then third without any maximum or minimum number defined. These are some possible results: 20442549830380191 Security Concerns Using Rand() Function The random numbers generated by this function are not cryptographically secure values, and they should not be used for cryptographic  reasons. If you need secure values, use other random functions such as random_int(), openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(), or random_bytes() Note: Beginning with PHP 7.1.0, the rand() PHP function is an alias of mt_rand(). The mt_rand() function is said to be four times faster and it produces a better random value. However, the numbers it generates are not cryptographically secure. The PHP manual recommends using the  random_bytes() function for cryptographically secure integers.

Monday, October 21, 2019

Sexual Abuse in Indian Reservations

How to Write a Critical Essay on Domestic Violence/Sexual Abuse in Indian Reservations If you are tasked with writing a critical essay on domestic violence/sexual abuse in Indian reservations, you should follow these steps: 1) Starting Your Research and Taking Notes When you start taking notes for research purposes, create a system for yourself. Start out by having two colors for note cards or for pens and set one color aside for major ideas and another color for supporting data. Through the course of your reading, you can write down your main claims on one color, and then place the supporting facts you find on separate cards of the opposite color. Then you can play around with the physical layout of the cards to see how many pieces of supporting data you have for each main claim, or in what order you want the claims to be. Be sure to write down bibliographic information for anything you quote or paraphrase from your reading. For example: if you have a card where you wrote down the results from a study, write the name of the study and the page number from when it came at the top of the card. 2) Organization After you have completed your note taking, it is time to play around with the organization and presentation for your information. Move the cards around to find out the order in which you want to present your information. 3) Outline Write an outline wherein you ask yourself: What your topic is? Why is your topic significant? What material have you found that is relevant to the background of your topic? What is your thesis? What organization supports the thesis best? 4) Writing With that done, you can start writing. Save the introduction for last. Start with the body. Write your essay around the main points you want to present, as written in your outline. The sources should not function as the foundation for your paper’s organization. That is the role for the topic and thesis. Integrate the sources into the academic discussion you want to present. With that done, use the introduction to explain the topic, define any terms the reader might need, and reveal the organization of your essay so that the reader knows what to expect. Then write your conclusion where you summarize the argument for your reader. This is where you avoid introducing new material or simply repeating the introduction. Instead remind the reader what claims you’ve made and what evidence you presented in support of those claims. 5) Revisions Once you have your first draft it is time to make revisions. Check over the organization for your paper to ensure that the discussion is coherent and there is logical flow. Ensure that your paragraphs start with topical sentences and offer evidence supporting your claims. Make sure these claims refer back to your thesis as well. Check for transitions between paragraphs. Look over the sentence structure for proper punctuation, word choice, and spelling. And of course, make sure everything is properly cited in the text and in your bibliography. This guide should help you write  an essay on domestic violence/sexual abuse in Indian Reservations. You may also check our list of 20 specific topics on this matter backed by 1 sample essay and 10 facts that you may use to support your claims.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Lesson Plan Topics for any Content Area, Grades 7-12

Lesson Plan Topics for any Content Area, Grades 7-12 While every school may have  different requirements for the writing of lesson plans or how often they are to be submitted, there are common enough topics that can be organized on a template or guide for teachers for any content area. A template such as this could be used in conjunction with the explanation  How to Write Lesson Plans. Regardless of the form used, teachers should be sure to keep these two most important questions in mind as they craft a lesson plan: What do I want my students to know? (objective)How will I know students learned from this lesson? (assessment) The topics covered here in bold are those  topics usually required in lesson plan regardless of subject area. Class: the name of the  class or classes for which this lesson is intended.    Duration: Teachers should note the approximate time that this lesson will take to complete. There should be an explanation if this lesson will be extended over the course  of several days. Materials Required: Teachers should list any handouts and technology equipment that is required. Use of a template like this may be helpful in planning to reserve any media equipment in advance that might be needed for the lesson. An alternative non-digital plan may be needed. Some schools may require a copy of handouts or worksheets to be attached the lesson plan template. Key Vocabulary: Teachers should develop a list of any new and unique terms that students need to understand for this lesson.   The title of Lesson/Description:  One sentence is usually enough, but a well- crafted title on a lesson plan can explain a lesson well enough so that even a brief description is unnecessary.   Objectives: The first of a the lessons two most important topics is the lessons objective: What is the reason or purpose for this lesson? What will  students know or be able to do at the conclusion of this lesson(s)? These questions drive a  lessons objective(s). Some schools focus on a teacher writing and placing the objective in view so that the students also understand what the purpose of the lesson will be. The objective(s) of a lesson defines the expectations for learning, and they give a hint on how that learning will be assessed. Standards: Here teachers should list any state and/or national standards that the lesson addresses. Some school districts require teachers to prioritize the standards. In other words, placing a focus on those standards which are directly addressed in the lesson as opposed to those standards which are supported by the lesson.   EL Modifications/Strategies: Here a teacher  may list any EL (English learners) or other student modifications as required. These modifications can be designed as specific to needs of students in a class. Because many of the strategies used with EL students or other special needs students are strategies that are good for all students, this may be a place to list all instructional strategies used to improve  student understanding for all learners (Tier 1 instruction). For example, there may be a presentation of new material in  multiple formats (visual, audio, physical)   or there may be multiple opportunities for increased student interaction through turn and talks or think, pair, shares. Lesson Introduction/Opening set: This portion of the lesson should give a rationale how this introduction will help  students make connections with the rest of the lesson or unit that is being taught. An opening set should not be busy work, but rather be a planned activity that sets the tone for the lesson that follows. Step-by-Step Procedure: As the name implies, teachers should write down the steps in the sequence necessary to teach the lesson. This is a chance to think through each action necessary as a form of mental practice to better organize for the lesson. Teachers  should also note down any materials they will need for each step in order to be prepared.   Review/Possible Areas of Misconception:  Teachers can highlight terms and/or ideas they  anticipate may cause confusion, words they will want to revisit with the students at the end of the lesson.   Homework:  Note any homework that will be assigned  to students to go with the lesson. This is only one method to assess student learning which can unreliable as a measurement Assessment:  Despite being the lone of the last topics on this template,  this is the most important part of planning any  lesson.   In the past, informal homework was one measure; high stakes testing was another.   Authors and educators  Grant Wiggins and Jay McTigue   posed this  in their seminal work Backward Design:   What will we [teachers] accept as evidence of student understanding and proficiency? They encouraged teachers to begin designing a lesson by starting at the end. Every lesson should include a means to answer the question How will I know students understand what was taught in a lesson? What will my students be able to do?   In order to determine the answer to these questions, it is important to plan in detail how you plan to measure or evaluate student learning both formally and informally.   For example, will the evidence of understanding be an informal exit slip with student short responses to a question or prompt at the end of a lesson? Researchers (Fisher Frey, 2004) suggested that exit slips can be generated for different purposes using differently worded prompts: Use an exit slip  with a prompt that records what was learned (Ex. Write one thing you learned today);Use an  exit slip  with a prompt  that allows for future learning (Ex. Write one question you have about todays lesson);Use an  exit slip  with a prompt  that helps to rate any the instructional strategies used strategies (EX: Was small group work helpful for  this lesson?) Similarly, teachers may choose to use a response poll or vote. A quick quiz may also provide important feedback. The traditional review of homework can also provide needed information to inform instruction.   Unfortunately, too many secondary teachers do not use assessment or evaluation on a lesson plan to its best use. They may rely on more formal methods of assessing student understanding, such as a test or paper. These methods may come too late in providing the immediate feedback to improve daily instruction. However, because  assessing student learning may happen at a later time, such as an end-of-the-unit exam, a lesson plan may provide a teacher the opportunity to create assessment questions for use later. Teachers can test a question in order to see how well students may do answering that question at a later date. This will ensure that you have covered all required material and given your students the best chance at success. Reflection/Evaluation: This is where a teacher may record the success of a lesson or make notes for future use.  If this is a lesson that will be given repeatedly during the day, reflection may be an area where a teacher may explain or note any adaptations on a lesson that has been given several times over the course of a day. What strategies were more successful than other? What  plans may be needed to adapt the lesson? This is the topic in a template where teachers could record any recommended changes in time, in materials, or in the methods used to assess student understanding. Recording this information can also be used as part of a schools evaluation process that asks teachers to be reflective in their practice.